What therapeutic effect do statins have on cardiovascular health?

Statins are primarily recognized for their ability to lower cholesterol levels in the bloodstream, particularly low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, which is often referred to as "bad cholesterol." By inhibiting the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase, statins effectively reduce the synthesis of cholesterol in the liver. This reduction leads to a decrease in circulating LDL levels, which subsequently lowers the risk of atherosclerosis—a condition characterized by the buildup of fatty deposits in the arteries that can result in heart disease and stroke.

In addition to lowering LDL cholesterol, statins have been shown to have a range of other cardiovascular benefits, including improving endothelial function and having anti-inflammatory properties. However, their primary therapeutic effect is centered on the reduction of cholesterol synthesis and the associated decrease in cardiovascular risk.

While other options mention effects such as triglyceride reduction, inhibition of clot formation, and increased blood flow in coronary arteries, those are not the main mechanisms through which statins exert their primary cardiovascular protective effects.