What medication class is used primarily to treat high triglyceride levels?

Fibrates are the medication class primarily used to treat high triglyceride levels. They work by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), which enhance the oxidation of fatty acids in the liver and muscle, leading to a reduction in triglyceride synthesis and an increase in triglyceride clearance from the plasma. This mechanism makes fibrates particularly effective in lowering triglyceride levels, which is crucial for reducing the risk of pancreatitis in patients with significantly elevated triglycerides.

While other classes, such as statins and omega-3 fatty acids, may also have some effect on triglyceride levels, they are not the primary agents indicated for treating hypertriglyceridemia to the same extent as fibrates. Statins are mainly utilized for their cholesterol-lowering effects and cardiovascular benefits, while omega-3 fatty acids are often used as adjunctive therapy but are especially noted for their ability to lower triglycerides in specific populations. Niacin can also reduce triglycerides, but its use has become limited due to side effects and the advent of more effective therapies.

Thus, fibrates stand out as the first-line treatment specifically aimed at addressing high triglyceride levels in patients.