What mechanism do omega-3 fatty acids use to lower triglycerides?

Omega-3 fatty acids lower triglycerides primarily through the mechanism of inhibiting hepatic lipogenesis and promoting fatty acid oxidation. Hepatic lipogenesis refers to the process by which the liver converts carbohydrates and proteins into fatty acids, which are then used for triglyceride synthesis. When omega-3 fatty acids are introduced into the diet, they interfere with this process, leading to a reduction in the overall production of triglycerides in the liver.

In addition to reducing lipogenesis, omega-3 fatty acids have the ability to enhance the oxidation of fatty acids. This means that they not only reduce the synthesis of new triglycerides but also promote the breakdown of existing fatty acids for energy. This dual action contributes significantly to the lowering of triglyceride levels in the bloodstream, making omega-3 fatty acids effective in the management of hypertriglyceridemia. Through these mechanisms, omega-3s positively impact lipid profiles and cardiovascular health.