What is the effect of age on the efficacy of statins?

The effect of age on the efficacy of statins is notably characterized by older adults experiencing increased efficacy alongside an elevated risk of side effects. This association arises from a combination of factors related to the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, which tend to increase with age. Statins are particularly effective at reducing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels, a major contributor to cardiovascular events, and older adults generally have higher baseline cholesterol levels and greater cardiovascular disease risk, leading to the heightened efficacy of these medications.

Moreover, the metabolism and pharmacokinetics of statins can be altered in older populations, potentially affecting how these drugs are processed in the body. While there can be an elevated risk of side effects such as muscle pain or increases in liver enzymes due to the increased sensitivity and altered physiology in older adults, the benefits in managing cholesterol levels and reducing cardiovascular risk often still outweigh these risks. Therefore, the correct answer highlights the balance between increased efficacy in lowering cholesterol and the corresponding risk of experiencing side effects in older adults.