Name a common side effect of fibrates.

Gallstones are a recognized common side effect of fibrates, such as fenofibrate and gemfibrozil. Fibrates work primarily by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-alpha), which helps to lower triglyceride levels and can increase the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. However, one of the metabolic consequences of this action is the alteration of lipid metabolism in the liver, which can lead to changes in the bile composition, increasing the risk of gallstone formation.

The formation of gallstones is especially relevant in patients with pre-existing risk factors, like those who may already have high cholesterol levels or certain metabolic disorders. Monitoring for signs of gallbladder disease, particularly in long-term treatment with fibrates, is advisable due to this potential side effect. This understanding of gallstones helps clinicians provide better care and informs patients of possible complications.

In contrast, while myopathy can occur with fibrates, it is more commonly associated with the use of statins. Constipation does not conventionally present as a side effect of fibrates, and liver cirrhosis is a more severe and unrelated condition that does not stem from fibrate use directly. Therefore, recognizing gallstones as a